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The Promised Land ((ヘブライ語:הארץ המובטחת), translit.: ''Ha'Aretz HaMuvtahat''; (アラビア語:أرض الميعاد), translit.: ''Ard Al-Mi'ad'') is the land promised or given by God, according to the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), to the descendants of Abraham. The promise is first made to Abraham () and then renewed to his son Isaac, and to Isaac's son Jacob (), Abraham's grandson. The promised land was described in terms of the territory from the River of Egypt to the Euphrates river () and was given to their descendants after Moses led the Exodus out of Egypt. () The term should not be confused with the expression "Land of Israel" which is used in , when the Israelite tribes were already in the Land of Canaan. The concept of the Promised Land is the central tenet of Zionism, whose discourse suggests that modern Jews descend from the Israelites and Maccabees through whom they inherit the right to re-establish their "national homeland". Palestinians also claim partial descent from the Israelites and Maccabees, as well as all the other peoples who have lived in the region.〔"(With reference to Palestinians in Ottoman times) Although proud of their Arab heritage and ancestry, the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial, including the ancient Hebrews and the Canaanites before them. Acutely aware of the distinctiveness of Palestinian history, the Palestinians saw themselves as the heirs of its rich associations." Walid Khalidi, 1984, ''Before Their Diaspora: A Photographic History of the Palestinians, 1876–1948''. Institute for Palestine Studies〕 The imagery of the "Promised Land" was invoked in Negro spirituals as heaven or paradise and as an escape from slavery, often which can only be reached by death. The imagery and term have also been used in popular culture (see Promised Land (disambiguation)), sermons and in speeches, such as the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" (1968) speech by Martin Luther King, Jr: : I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. So I'm happy, tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. == Divine promise == The promise that is the basis of the term is contained in several verses of Genesis in the Torah. In it is said: :The LORD had said to Abram, "Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you." and in : : The LORD appeared to Abram and said, "To your offspring (seed ) I will give this land." Commentators have noted several problems with this promise and related ones: # It is to Abram's descendants that the land will (in the future tense) be given, not to Abram directly nor there and then. However, in it is said: He also said to him, "I am the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to take possession of it." However, how this verse relates to the promises is a matter of controversy. # There is nothing in the promise to indicate God intended it be applied to Abraham’s physical descendants unconditionally, exclusively (to nobody but these descendants), exhaustively (to all of them) or in perpetuity. # Jewish commentators drawing on Rashi's comments to the first verse in the Bible, assert that no human collective ever has any a-priori claim to any piece of land on the planet, and that only God decides which group inhabits which land in any point in time. This interpretation has no contradictions since the idea that the Jewish people have a claim to ownership rights on the physical land is based on the idea of God deciding to give the land to the Jewish people and commanding them to occupy it as referred to in Biblical texts previously mentioned. In the boundary of the promised land is clarified in terms of the territory of various ancient peoples, as follows: : On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram and said, "To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates - the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites and Jebusites." The verse is said to describe what are known as "borders of the Land" (''Gevulot Ha-aretz'').〔''Kol Torah'', vol. 13, no. 9, Torah Academy of Bergen County, Nov 8, 2003〕 In Jewish tradition, these borders define the maximum extent of the land promised to the descendants of Abraham through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob.〔See 6th and 7th portion commentaries by (Rashi )〕 The promise was confirmed to Jacob at , though the borders are still vague and is in terms of "the land on which you are lying". Other geographical borders are given in which describes borders as marked by the Red Sea, the "Sea of the Philistines" i.e. the Mediterranean, and the "River," (the Euphrates). The promise is fulfilled at the end of the Exodus from Egypt. says: : See, I have given you this land. Go in and take possession of the land that the LORD swore he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them. It took a long time before the Israelites could subdue the Canaanite inhabitants of the land. The furthest extent of the Land of Israel was achieved during the time of the united Kingdom of Israel under David.〔Stuart, Douglas K., Exodus, B&H Publishing Group, 2006, p. 549〕〔Tyndale Bible Dictionary, Walter A. Elwell, Philip Wesley Comfort, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2001, p. 984〕 The actual land controlled by the Israelites has fluctuated considerably over time and at times the land has been under the control of various empires. However, under Jewish tradition, even when it is not in Jewish occupation, the land has not lost its status as the Promised Land. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Promised Land」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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